Regulatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rd on histone H3 acetylation / 中草药

Objective Based on quantitative proteomics analysis and molecular biology experimental verification, the regulatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rd on histone H3 acetylation levels was elucidated. Methods The effects of ginsenoside Rd on the dynamic changes of proteome of HEK293T cells were detected by.stable isotope labeling with amino acid (SILAC) technique and LC-MS/MS; Quantitative proteomics database analysis was used to monitor the changes in histone acetyltransferase HATs and histone deacetylase HDACs expression levels. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to verify the changes of related protein expression and transcriptional level. Gene knockdown experiments were performed using siRNAs to determine the role of ginsenoside Rd in regulating the level of acetyl modifications at histone H3K9 and K18 sites. Results The histone H3K9ac, H3K18ac expression levels in HEK293T cells decreased after ginsenoside Rd treatment, but the P300 catalytic modification of these two sites did not change significantly; At the same time, ginsenoside Rd up-regulated the transcription and expression of HDAC2, and siHDAC2 treatment reversed the down-regulation effects of ginsenoside Rd on H3K9ac and H3K18ac in HEK293T cells. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rd down-regulates the acetylation level of lysine at histone H3K9 and K18 sites by up-regulating HDAC2, thereby affecting transcriptional activation of downstream genes.

Integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation for frameless stereotaxy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the efficacy of integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation for frameless stereotactic biopsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January to December 2012, 32 patients with brain lesions underwent frameless stereotactic biopsy guided by positron emission tomograph (PET) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS)-based multimodal neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI). The cohort consisted of 16 male and 16 female patients, with a mean age of 45 years (range: 7 - 62 years). Biopsy targets were identified according to PET and (1)H-MRS. Biopsy was performed with Varioguide frameless biopsy system. Diagnostic yield and complications were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Metabolism images-based multimodal neuronavigation and iMRI were successfully implemented in all cases. iMRI confirmed accuracy of biopsy targets. All the specimens obtained pathological diagnosis, the diagnostic yield was 100%. In 1 patient, iMRI found small hematoma (< 5 ml), surgical evacuation wasn't needed with intraoperative complication rate 3.1%. With the help of multimodal neuronavigation, no patients had new or worsened neurologic deficits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Integration of metabolism images into multimodal neuronavigation provide not only anatomical, but also metabolic and functional information for frameless stereotaxy, increasing diagnostic yield and avoiding postoperative neurologic deficits.</p>

Application of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal navigation in surgical resection of glioblastoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) and multimodal navigation in surgical resection of glioblastoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between February 2009 and July 2010, 76 glioblastoma patients underwent surgical resection guided by iMRI and multimodal navigation. The cohort consisted of 43 male and 33 female patients, with a mean age of 49 years (range: 14-79 years). Rates of gross total resection (GTR) and extent of resection (EoR) were calculated at first and final iMRI scans.Pearson χ(2) test was used to compare the rates of GTR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>iMRI and multimodal navigation were successfully implemented in all cases. Rates of GTR were misestimated by neurosurgeons in 24 cases (31.6%), which were confirmed by first iMRI. Total tumor resection were achieved in 20 cases (26.3%) as a result of iMRI scan, increasing the rates of gross total resection from 52.6% to 78.9% (χ(2) = 11.692, P = 0.001). Extent of resection in 28 patients who underwent further tumor resection were increased from 81.5% to 98.1%, leading to the overall extent of resection improved from 92.3% to 98.4%. At 3-month follow-up, 3 cases (3.9%) developed permanent neurologic deficits. The mean clinical follow-up was 15.6 months (range 3.0-45.0 months). The 2-year overall survival rate was 19.7%. The median progression-free survival of gross total resection group was 12 months (95% CI: 10.1-13.9 months), compared with 9 months (95%CI: 7.9-10.1 months) of the subtotal resection group (χ(2) = 4.756, P = 0.029). The overall survival of gross total resection group was 16 months (95% CI: 13.7-18.3 months), compared with 12 months (95% CI: 9.7-14.3 months) of the subtotal resection group (χ(2) = 7.885, P = 0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined with multimodal navigation, iMRI helps maximize surgical resection of glioblastoma, preserving neurological function while increasing progression-free survival and overall survival.</p>

High-field intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging suite with neuronavigation system: implementation and preliminary experience in the pituitary adenoma operation with transsphenoidal approach / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To review the preliminary clinical experience with high-field-strength intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) suite with neuronavigation system in the pituitary adenoma operation with transsphenoidal approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2009 to December 2010, 31 patients [range, 29 - 76 years, mean age (47 ± 11) years]of pituitary adenoma were operated with transsphenoidal approach and intraoperatively with a movable 1.5 T high-field-strength iMRI suite in combination with neuronavigation system. Tumor size was 1.8 - 7.3 cm, mean (3.5 ± 1.2) cm. Twenty-five cases were non-functional pituitary adenoma, 4 cases were prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma, 2 cases were growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma. Thirty patients' resection with transnasal transsphenoidal approach were performed, one patient with transoral transsphenoidal approach was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 12 cases of 30 patients who planed to totally remove tumor, iMRI had revealed residual lesions and resulted in the change of the surgical strategy, 2 invasive cavernous sinus cases no further resection of the tumor because of internal carotid artery encasement, the other 10 cases resected further, eventually. Finally, 8 cases were totally removed. The ratio of total removal tumor was enhanced to 86.7% (26/30) from 60.0% (18/30). There was no perioperative mortality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High-field-strength iMRI suite with neuronavigation system provides valuable information of tumor resection that allows intraoperative modification of the surgical strategy. It could be very helpful to maximize the resection of the pituitary adenoma and minimize the injury to neurological function.</p>